Heart attack(दिल का दौरा) | Risk factor | Treatment

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Heart attack | दिल का दौरा

A heart attack occurs when oxygen-rich blood suddenly blocks part of the heart muscle and the heart cannot get oxygen. If blood flow does not recover quickly, parts of the heart muscle begin to die.

During a heart attack, the blood supply that normally provides oxygen to the heart is cut off and the heart muscle begins to die. Heart attack is also called myocardial infarction.

Some people with heart attacks have warning signs, while others do not.

Some of the symptoms that many people report include:

• Chest pain  | छाती में दर्द                                            
• Upper body pain | ऊपरी शरीर का दर्द
• Perspiration | पसीना
• Nausea | जी मिचलाना
• Fatigue | थकान
• Shortness of breath | सांस लेने में कठिनाई

A heart attack is a serious medical emergency. Seek medical attention immediately if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms that could signal a heart attack.

Causes

There are several heart conditions that can cause a heart attack. One of the most common causes is the accumulation of plaque in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which prevents blood from reaching the heart muscle.

A heart attack can also be caused by blood clots or rupture of blood vessels. Rarely, a heart attack is caused by spasms of blood vessels.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a heart attack include:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Nausea
• Perspiration
• Dizziness 
• Fatigue

There are many more symptoms that can occur during a heart attack, and symptoms may vary between men and women.

Risk factor

Several factors can put you at risk for a heart attack. Some factors that cannot be changed, such as age, family history, etc. Other factors, called modifiable risk factors, can be changed.

The risk factors that cannot be changed include:

• Age: If you are over 65 years old, you have a greater risk of having a heart attack.
• Sex: Men are more dangerous than women.
• Family history: You are at greater risk if you have a family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity, or diabetes.

Some of the modifiable risk factors that can be changed include:

• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
• Lack of exercise
• Diet and drinking
• Stress

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of heart attack is made after a doctor performs a physical examination and reviews the medical history. Your doctor will likely do an electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the electrical activity of the heart.

You should also take a blood sample or perform other tests to see if there is evidence of heart muscle damage.

Test and treatment

When a doctor diagnoses a heart attack, a variety of tests and treatments are used depending on the cause.

Your doctor may order a heart catheterization. This is a probe that is inserted into a blood vessel through a soft, flexible tube called a catheter. This allows your doctor to see areas where plaque may have accumulated. Your doctor may inject dye into your artery through a catheter and take an x-ray to see how blood flow is flowing and to see the blockage.

If you have a heart attack, your doctor may recommend a procedure (surgical or non-surgical). The procedure can help relieve pain and prevent other heart attacks from occurring.

The general procedure is as follows:

• Stent: A stent is a wire mesh tube that is inserted into an artery to remain open after angioplasty.
• Heart valve surgery: In valve replacement surgery, leaking valves are replaced to help pump the heart.
• Heart transplant: Transplantation is done in serious cases where a heart attack has resulted in permanent tissue death in most hearts.
• Pacemaker: A pacemaker is a device that is implanted under the skin. It is designed to help the heart maintain a normal rhythm.
• Angioplasty: Angioplasty uses a balloon or removes plaque buildup to open a blocked artery.
• Heart bypass surgery: In bypass surgery, doctors change the blood path around the blockage.

Your doctor may also prescribe medications to treat heart attack, such as:

• Aspirin
• Painkiller
• Nitroglycerin
• Drugs that break down blood clots
• Blood pressure medication
• Antiplatelet and anticoagulants, also known as blood thinners

Heart attacks are often unexpected, so emergency room doctors are usually treated first. When the patient is stable, it is passed on to a cardiologist called a cardiologist.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatments and lifestyle changes can improve heart health and reduce the risk of a heart attack. Healthy eating and lifestyle are essential to maintaining a healthy heart.

Complication

There are several complications associated with a heart attack. When a heart attack occurs, it can disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart, potentially stopping it completely. This abnormal rhythm is called arrhythmia.

If the heart stops supplying blood during a heart attack, some tissues can die. This weakens the heart and can later lead to life-threatening conditions such as heart failure.

A heart attack can also affect heart valves and cause leaks. The time it takes to get treatment and the area of damage determine the long-term effects on the heart.

Prevention

There are many risk factors out of your control, but there are still some basic steps you can take to keep your heart healthy. Smoking is a major cause of heart disease. You can reduce your risk by starting a quit smoking program. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, and limiting alcohol intake are another important way to reduce your risk.

If you have diabetes, take your medication and check your blood sugar levels regularly. If you have heart disease, work closely with your doctor to take your medication. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about your risk of heart attack.

See also:

• Healthy Food / Diet
• All About Daibetes
• Types of Depression And Treatment
• Mental Health
• Food to Avoid and Eat
• Heart Attack And Treatment
• Muscle Pain
• Breathing Problem

• More..

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